Therapeutic Area

Thrombotic diseases represent a broad spectrum of conditions marked by the pathological formation of blood clots (thrombosis) in arterial or venous vessels. These thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), are among the leading causes of death worldwide, collectively accounting for approximately one-quarter of globally deaths annually.

Risk factors for thrombosis include advanced age, obesity, physical inactivity, and major surgery, as well as chronic medical conditions such as metabolic disorders, atrial fibrillation, and cancer, all of which significantly elevate thrombotic risk.
In particular, metabolic disorders, notably hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, can promote thrombosis by inducing endothelial dysfunction, accelerating atherosclerotic vascular disease, and fostering a prothrombotic state. 

Photo from the Frost & Sullivan Report

Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by abnormal levels of any or all lipids (e.g., triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids) or lipoproteins in the blood. Globally, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults is estimated at around 40%, affecting approximately 3.0 billion individuals each year.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), characterized by IgA-dominant immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangium — the supporting tissue of the kidney’s filtering units-is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis — inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units, worldwide. Approximately 9.5 million people were affected by IgAN globally in 2023, with an expected increase to 10.4 million by 2033.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a long-term liver disease caused by persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus spreads commonly via mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, or sharing needles. 80%-90% of infants under one year of age and 30%-50% of children under six years who are infected with HBV will develop CHB, which can lead to serious and potentially fatal complications, including cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. Approximately 20%-30% of untreated CHB patients progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite the availability of HBV vaccines, CHB is projected affect at least 260 million individuals annually worldwide in the next decade, representing a significant health concern.

CHD is a superinfection of the liver that may occur in patients with CHB. It is caused by hepatitis D virus (HDV), a “satellite” virus that can infect only HBV-positive as HDV requires HBsAg for viral assembly and propagation. Approximately 5% of CHB patients worldwide are coinfected with HDV. CHD is the most severe form of viral hepatitis and is associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer and death, with accelerated progression to serious liver complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and decompensation, compared to CHB alone. As of 2023, CHD affected 12.5 million people worldwide.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of MASLD, characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis) inflammation, and hepatocyte injury. MASH is one of the most common hepatic diseases worldwide. Its global prevalence rose from 340.4 million in 2019 to 386.1 million in 2023, with projections reaching 520.5 million by 2033.

NAION is a rare acute ischemic eye disease. Its etiology and pathophysiological remain incompletely elucidated, with contributors including nocturnal hypotension, microvascular autoregulation disorders, vascular obstructed, and venous insufficiency. NAION typically presents as sudden, painless unilateral vision loss, deterioration, visual field defects, color vision impairment, and optic disc edema. Projections estimate that NAION cases worldwide will exceed 345,000 by 2030. No approved medications currently exist for NAION treatment, highlighting a significant unmet clinical need.